Symbols
- ! (bash history), !n
- ! (file globbing), [] square brackets
- !! (shell), repeating the last command
- " (double quotes), double quotes
- # (pound sign), # pound sign
- #! (shell), she-bang
- #!/bin/bash, she-bang
- $ (shell variables), $ dollar sign
- $() embedded shell, backticks
- $? (shell variables), $? dollar question mark
- $HISTFILE, $HISTFILE
- $HISTFILESIZE, $HISTFILESIZE
- $HISTSIZE, $HISTSIZE
- $LANG, $LANG and square brackets
- $PATH, which, $PATH
- $PS1, absolute and relative paths
- &, & ampersand
- &&, && double ampersand
- '(single quote), backticks or single quotes
- (( (shell), (( ))
- * (file globbing), * asterisk
- -- (shell), prevent setuid root spoofing
- ., cd ..
- . (directory), . and ..
- . (shell), sourcing a script
- .., cd ..
- .. (directory), . and ..
- .bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.profile
- .bash_history, $HISTFILE
- .bash_login, ~/.bash_login
- .bash_logout, ~/.bash_logout
- .bash_profile, ~/.bash_profile
- .exrc, setting options
- .vimrc, setting options
- /, absolute and relative paths, the root directory /
- /bin, /bin, external or builtin commands ?
- /bin/bash, commands and arguments, system profile
- /bin/cat, /bin
- /bin/csh, commands and arguments
- /bin/date, /bin
- /bin/ksh, commands and arguments, system profile
- /bin/rm, default options
- /bin/sh, commands and arguments
- /boot, /boot
- /boot/grub, /boot
- /boot/grub/grub.cfg, /boot
- /boot/grub/grub.conf, /boot
- /dev, file, /dev
- /dev/null, /dev/null, 2> stderr
- /dev/pts/1, /dev/tty and /dev/pts
- /dev/random, solution: file system tree
- /dev/tty1, /dev/tty and /dev/pts
- /dev/urandom, practice: file system tree, solution: file system tree
- /dev/zero, solution: file system tree
- /etc, /etc
- /etc/bashrc, ~/.bashrc
- /etc/default/useradd, /etc/default/useradd
- /etc/fstab, acl in /etc/fstab
- /etc/group, group file, user owner and group owner
- /etc/gshadow, gpasswd
- /etc/hosts, solution: file system tree
- /etc/init.d/, /etc/init.d/
- /etc/inputrc, system profile
- /etc/login.defs, /etc/login.defs
- /etc/passwd, grep | cut, /etc/passwd, login shell, editing local files, user owner and group owner
- /etc/profile, system profile
- /etc/resolv.conf, solution: file system tree
- /etc/shadow, shadow file, encryption with crypt, setgid and setuid on regular files
- /etc/shells, she-bang, chsh
- /etc/skel, /etc/skel/, /etc/skel/
- /etc/sudoers, run a program as another user, sudo su -
- /etc/sysconfig, /etc/sysconfig/
- /etc/sysconfig/firstboot, /etc/sysconfig/
- /etc/sysconfig/harddisks, /etc/sysconfig/
- /etc/sysconfig/hwconf, /etc/sysconfig/
- /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, /etc/sysconfig/
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf, /etc/X11/
- /export, /srv
- /home, /home
- /lib, /lib
- /lib/kbd/keymaps/, /etc/sysconfig/
- /lib/modules, /lib/modules
- /lib32, /lib32 and /lib64
- /lib64, /lib32 and /lib64
- /media, /media
- /opt, /opt
- /proc, file, /proc conversation with the kernel
- /proc/bus, /proc/bus
- /proc/bus/pci, /usr/sbin/lspci
- /proc/bus/usb/devices, /usr/sbin/lsusb
- /proc/cpuinfo, /proc conversation with the kernel
- /proc/dma, /proc/dma
- /proc/interrupts, /proc/interrupts, /proc/interrupts
- /proc/ioports, /proc/ioports
- /proc/kcore, /proc/kcore
- /proc/sys, /proc conversation with the kernel
- /root, /root
- /run, /var/...
- /sbin, /sbin, external or builtin commands ?
- /srv, /srv
- /sys, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging
- /tmp, /tmp, sticky bit on directory
- /usr, /usr Unix System Resources
- /usr/bin, /usr/bin
- /usr/bin/getfacl, getfacl
- /usr/bin/passwd, setgid and setuid on regular files
- /usr/bin/setfacl, setfacl
- /usr/include, /usr/include
- /usr/lib, /usr/lib
- /usr/local, /usr/local
- /usr/share, /usr/share
- /usr/share/games, /usr/share
- /usr/share/man, /usr/share
- /usr/src, /usr/src
- /var, /var variable data
- /var/cache, /var/cache
- /var/lib, /var/lib
- /var/lib/rpm, /var/lib
- /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids, /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids
- /var/lock, /var/...
- /var/log, /var/log
- /var/log/messages, /var/log/messages
- /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages
- /var/run, /var/...
- /var/spool, /var/spool
- /var/tmp, /var/...
- 1>, 2> stderr
- 2>, 2> stderr
- 2>&1, 2>&1
- 777, setting octal permissions
- ; (shell), ; semicolon
- >, > stdout
- >>, >> append
- >|, overruling noclobber
- ? (file globbing), ? question mark
- [ (file globbing), [] square brackets
- [ (shell), test [ ]
- \ (backslash), \ escaping special characters
- `(backtick), backticks or single quotes
- ||, || double vertical bar
- ~, cd ~
B
- backticks, backticks or single quotes
- base64, <<< here string
- bash, bash history, script parameters
- bash -x, troubleshooting a script
- bash history, history
- binaries, /bin
- Bourne again shell, commands and arguments
- BSD, 1969
- bunzip2, bzip2 - bunzip2
- bus, about buses
- bzcat, bzcat - bzmore
- bzip2, time, bzip2 - bunzip2, bzcat - bzmore
- bzmore, bzcat - bzmore
C
- cal, cal
- case, case
- case sensitive, all files are case sensitive
- cat, cat, cat
- cd, cd
- cd -, cd -
- CentOS, Other
- chage, chage
- chgrp(1), chgrp
- chkconfig, /etc/sysconfig/
- chmod, creating home directories, setting octal permissions
- chmod +x, hello world, umask
- chmod(1), save (or not) and exit (:w :q :q! ), setting permissions (chmod)
- chown, creating home directories
- chown(1), chown
- chsh(1), chsh
- comm(1), comm
- command line scan, arguments
- command mode(vi), command mode and insert mode
- copyleft, GNU General Public License
- copyright, about software licenses, public domain software and freeware
- cp, copy one file
- cp(1), cp -r
- cpu, about buses
- crypt, encryption with passwd
- csh, she-bang
- Ctrl d, create files
- ctrl-r, Ctrl-r
- current directory, pwd
- cut, who | cut | sort
- cut(1), cut
D
- daemon, man $daemon
- date, date
- Debian, Debian
- Dennis Ritchie, 1969
- devfs, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging
- df -i, inode table
- directory, a directory is a table
- distribution, distributions
- distributions, man hier
- dma, about dma
- dmesg(1), dmesg, /proc/dma
- dumpkeys(1), /etc/sysconfig/
E
- echo, white space removal
- echo $-, shell options
- echo *, preventing file globbing
- echo(1), commands and arguments, echo and quotes
- Edubuntu, Other
- eiciel, eiciel
- ELF, /lib32 and /lib64
- elif, if then elif
- embedding(shell), shell embedding
- env(1), env
- environment variable, $ dollar sign
- EOF, create files, << here document
- escaping (shell), preventing file globbing
- eval, eval
- executables, binary directories
- exit (bash), $HISTFILE
- export, export
F
- Fedora, Red Hat
- FHS, filesystem hierarchy standard
- file, file
- file globbing, file globbing
- file ownership, user owner and group owner
- file(1), /lib32 and /lib64
- Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, filesystem hierarchy standard
- filters, filters
- find(1), find, setgid bit on directory, setgid and setuid on regular files, finding hard links
- FireWire, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging
- for (bash), for loop
- FOSS, about software licenses
- four freedoms, Free Software or Open Source Software
- Free Software, about software licenses
- free software, Free Software or Open Source Software
- freeware, public domain software and freeware
- function (shell), shell functions
G
- gcc(1), encryption with crypt
- getfacl, getfacl
- getopts, get script options with getopts
- GID, group file
- glob(7), * asterisk
- GNU, 1980s
- gpasswd, gpasswd
- GPL, GNU General Public License
- GPLv3, using GPLv3 software
- grep, regex versions, print lines matching a pattern, separating words
- grep -i, grep
- grep -v, grep
- grep(1), grep
- groupadd(1), groupadd
- groupdel(1), groupdel
- groupmod(1), groupmod
- groups, groups
- groups(1), groups
- gunzip(1), gzip - gunzip
- gzip, zcat - zmore
- gzip(1), gzip - gunzip
I
- IBM, 1980s
- id, id
- IEEE 1394, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging
- if then else (bash), if then else
- inode, file links, finding hard links
- inode table, inode table
- insert mode(vi), command mode and insert mode
- interrupt, about interrupts
- IO Ports, about io ports
- IRQ, about interrupts
- isa, about buses
L
- less(1), more and less
- let, let
- Linus Torvalds, 1990s
- Linux Mint, Other
- ln, symbolic links
- ln(1), creating hard links
- loadkeys(1), /etc/sysconfig/
- locate(1), locate
- logical AND, && double ampersand
- logical OR, || double vertical bar
- Logiciel Libre, Free Software or Open Source Software
- ls, ls, three sets of rwx, inode contents
- ls -l, list of special files
- ls(1), ls -l, inode number, a directory is a table
- lspci, /usr/sbin/lspci
- lsusb, /usr/sbin/lsusb
M
- magic, file
- makewhatis, mandb
- man -k, man -k (apropos)
- man hier, man hier
- man(1), man $command, whereis, man sections
- mandb(1), mandb
- md5, encryption with crypt
- mkdir, creating home directories
- mkdir -p, mkdir -p
- mkdir(1), mkdir, mkdir -m
- mkfs, inode table
- more(1), more and less
- mv, rename files with mv
P
- parent directory, cd ..
- passwd, passwd, shadow file, encryption with passwd, chage
- passwd(1), man $section $file, setgid and setuid on regular files
- passwd(5), man $section $file
- path, absolute and relative paths, path completion
- pc-card, about buses
- pci, about buses
- pci-express, about buses
- pcmcia, about buses
- perl, the rename command
- perldoc, perl
- popd, solution: working with directories
- prename, the rename command
- primary group, useradd
- proprietary, about software licenses
- public domain, about software licenses
- pushd, solution: working with directories
- pwd, pwd
- pwd(1), absolute and relative paths
R
- random number generator, solution: file system tree
- read, runtime input
- reboot, $HISTFILE
- Red Hat, Red Hat
- regular expressions, (optional)regular expressions
- rename, rename on Debian/Ubuntu, the rename command, well known syntax, renaming extensions
- repository, distributions
- Richard Stallman, 1980s
- rm, remove forever
- rm -rf, rm -rf
- rm(1), removing links
- rmdir -p, rmdir -p
- rmdir(1), rmdir
- root, /sbin, su to root, run a program as another user, sudo su -, root
- root directory, the root directory /
- rpm, /var/lib
S
- salt (encryption), encryption with crypt
- Scientific, Other
- sed, sed, stream editor, a dot for any character
- set, shell options
- set +x, displaying shell expansion
- set -x, displaying shell expansion
- set(shell), set
- setfacl, setfacl
- setgid, setgid bit on directory
- setuid, prevent setuid root spoofing, setgid and setuid on regular files, setuid on sudo
- she-bang (shell), she-bang
- shell, user profiles
- shell comment, # pound sign
- shell embedding, shell embedding
- shell escaping, \ escaping special characters
- shell expansion, arguments, white space removal
- shell functions, shell functions
- shift, shift through parameters
- shopt, get shell options with shopt
- skeleton, /etc/skel/
- sleep, sleep
- soft link, symbolic links
- Solaris, 1980s
- sort, who | cut | sort
- sort(1), sort
- source, sourcing a script, sourcing a config file
- standard input, cat
- standard output, cat
- stderr, stdin, stdout, and stderr
- stdin, stdin, stdout, and stderr, tee
- stdout, stdin, stdout, and stderr, tee
- sticky bit, sticky bit on directory
- strings(1), strings
- su, su to another user, su - $username, disabling a password, gpasswd
- su -, $PATH
- sudo, run a program as another user, sudo su -, disabling a password
- sudo su -, sudo su -
- Sun, 1980s
- SunOS, 1980s
- superuser, root
- symbolic link, symbolic links
- sysfs, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging
- System V, /lib32 and /lib64
T
- tab key(bash), path completion
- tac, tac
- tail(1), tail
- tee(1), tee
- test, test [ ]
- time, time
- touch(1), create an empty file
- tr, tr
- tr(1), tr
- type(shell), type
U
- Ubuntu, Ubuntu
- umask(1), umask
- unalias(bash), unalias
- uniq, who | cut | sort
- uniq(1), uniq
- Unix, 1969
- unset, shell options
- unset(shell), unset
- until (bash), until loop
- updatedb(1), locate
- usb, /sys Linux 2.6 hot plugging, about buses
- useradd, useradd, deleting home directories, encryption with passwd
- useradd -D, /etc/default/useradd
- useradd(1), creating home directories
- userdel(1), userdel
- usermod, disabling a password, usermod
- usermod(1), usermod
W
- w, w
- wc(1), wc
- whatis(1), whatis
- whereis(1), whereis
- which(1), which
- while (bash), while loop
- white space(shell), white space removal
- who, who | wc, who
- who am i, who am i
- whoami, whoami
- wild cards, [] square brackets